UK ndi dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kupanga magetsi opanda malasha, komanso ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe lakwanitsa kusintha kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi oyaka ndi malasha okhala ndi mphamvu zopangira magetsi ophatikizana ndi biomass kupita ku malasha akulu- zopangira magetsi okhala ndi 100% mafuta achilengedwe achilengedwe.

Mu 2019, gawo la mphamvu ya malasha ku UK lachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 42.06% mu 2012 mpaka 1.9% yokha. Kusungidwa kwamakono kwa mphamvu ya malasha makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kokhazikika komanso kotetezeka kwa gridi, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya biomass yafika pa 6.25% (China cha biomass magetsi Kuchuluka kwake kuli pafupifupi 0,6%). Mu 2020, padzakhala malo awiri okha opangira malasha (West Burton ndi Ratcliffe) ku UK kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito malasha monga mafuta opangira magetsi. Pokonzekera kapangidwe ka mphamvu yaku Britain, kupanga magetsi kwa biomass kudzakhala 16% mtsogolomo.

1. Mbiri yopangira magetsi ophatikizana ndi biomass ku UK

Mu 1989, UK idalengeza za Electricity Act (Electricity Act of 1989), makamaka pambuyo polowa Noe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) mu Electricity Act, UK pang'onopang'ono inali ndi ndondomeko yathunthu ya Chilimbikitso ndi zilango zongowonjezwdwa. kupanga mphamvu. NFFO mokakamizidwa kudzera m'malamulo kufuna kuti mafakitale amagetsi aku UK apereke gawo lina la mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kapena mphamvu za nyukiliya (zopanga mphamvu zopanda mafuta).

Mu 2002, Renewable Obligation (RO) inalowa m'malo mwa Non-fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO). Pamaziko apachiyambi, RO sichiphatikizapo mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndi nkhani Zowonjezera Zowonjezera Zofunikanso (ROCs) (Zindikirani: zofanana ndi Green Certificate ya China) kwa magetsi operekedwa ndi mphamvu zowongoka kuti ayendetse ndi magetsi a magetsi amafunika kupereka gawo lina la mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. Ziphaso za ROCs zitha kugulitsidwa pakati pa ogulitsa magetsi, ndipo makampani opanga magetsi omwe alibe mphamvu zowonjezera kuti apange magetsi angagule ma ROC ochulukirapo kuchokera kumakampani ena opanga magetsi kapena kukumana ndi chindapusa chaboma. Poyamba, ROC imodzi inkayimira madigiri chikwi chimodzi cha mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. Pofika chaka cha 2009, ROC idzakhala yosinthika kwambiri pakuwerengera molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo wopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuonjezera apo, boma la Britain linapereka ndondomeko ya Energy Crop Scheme mu 2001, yomwe imapereka chithandizo kwa alimi kuti azilima mbewu zopatsa mphamvu, monga zitsamba zamphamvu ndi udzu wopatsa mphamvu.

Mu 2004, dziko la United Kingdom lidatengera mfundo zamakampani zolimbikitsa mafakitale opangira magetsi oyaka ndi malasha kuti azipanga magetsi ophatikizana ndi biomass komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a biomass kuyeza ndalama zothandizira. Izi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zili m'maiko ena aku Europe, koma ndizosiyana ndi ndalama zomwe dziko langa limapereka pakupanga magetsi a biomass.

Mu 2012, ndikukula kwa ntchito za biomass, magetsi ophatikizana ndi biomass ku United Kingdom adasinthira ku mafakitale akuluakulu oyaka ndi malasha omwe amawotcha 100% mafuta achilengedwe.

2. Njira yaukadaulo

Kutengera zomwe zidachitika komanso maphunziro opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi biomass ku Europe chaka cha 2000 chisanafike, opanga magetsi aku United Kingdom atengera njira yaukadaulo yolumikizira mwachindunji. Kuyambira pachiyambi, idatengera mwachidule ndikutaya mwachangu zotsalira zakale komanso kugawana malasha. Mphero ya malasha (Co-Milling coal mphero coupling), kupita ku biomass direct combustion coupling power generation yamagetsi opangira malasha, zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Co-Feeding coupling kapena ukadaulo wolumikizira ng'anjo yodzipereka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi malasha okwezedwawa amanganso malo osungira, chakudya, ndi chakudya chamafuta osiyanasiyana amafuta amtundu uliwonse, monga zinyalala zaulimi, mbewu zamagetsi, ndi zinyalala zankhalango. Komabe, makina opangira magetsi opangira malasha akuluakulu amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma boilers omwe alipo, ma jenereta opangira nthunzi, malo ndi malo ena opangira magetsi, ogwira ntchito pamagetsi, magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza, malo opangira gridi ndi misika yamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. ., zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo Kumapewanso ndalama zambiri zamphamvu zatsopano komanso zomanga zosafunikira. Ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yosinthira kapena kusintha pang'ono kuchokera ku malasha kupita ku biomass magetsi.

3. Atsogolere ntchito

Mu 2005, mphamvu yopangira magetsi ku United Kingdom idafika 2.533 biliyoni kWh, zomwe zimapangitsa 14.95% ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Mu 2018 ndi 2019, kupanga magetsi ku biomass ku UK kudaposa mphamvu ya malasha. Mwa iwo, pulojekiti yake yotsogola ya Drax yapereka mphamvu zopitilira 13 biliyoni za biomass kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana.