Kusalowerera ndale kwa mpweya sikungodzipereka kwathunthu kwa dziko langa poyankha kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya dziko kuti tikwaniritse kusintha kwakukulu kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko langa. Ndilinso gawo lalikulu kuti dziko langa lifufuze njira yatsopano yopita ku chitukuko cha anthu ndikupeza chitukuko chamtendere.

Pakalipano, pakati pa magwero amphamvu amagetsi, gasi, kutentha kwa dzuwa, mphamvu ya haidrojeni, ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zina. Pakati pawo, gasi wachilengedwe amayankha mwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, koma ali ndi zovuta zitatu: kuchuluka kwake sikukwanira. Pachaka chonse cha malonda a gasi achilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi ndi 1.2 thililiyoni ma kiyubiki mita. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gasi wachilengedwe ku China mu 2019 ndi 306.4 biliyoni kiyubiki metres, kuwerengera 8.1 mwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. %. Akuti ngakhale gasi wapadziko lonse ataperekedwa ku China, akhoza kuthetsa 32% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito; mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ngakhale mtengo wa gasi wachilengedwe umasiyana malinga ndi malo, nthawi zambiri amakhala 2-3 kuposa wa malasha. Ngati gasi onse agwiritsidwa ntchito, Mtengo wopangira wakwera nthawi yomweyo. Ndizomveka kuonjezera mtengo wofunikira kuti muchepetse kaboni, koma kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kudzachititsa kuti kuchepa kwa mpikisano wamakampani opanga zinthu kapena kusintha kunja; chachitatu, gasi wokhawokha ndi gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu la carbon, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya ndiyotsika kuposa malasha. , Koma vuto lotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni limachepetsedwa koma silikuthetsedwa. Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kuti gasi akhale njira yaikulu.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya kuwala ndi kutentha sikungathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu monga nthunzi yambiri, komanso sizingatsimikizire kutentha kosalekeza komanso kosasunthika pamakampani opanga zinthu, ndipo sichikhoza malingaliro aukadaulo.

Mphamvu za nyukiliya zili ndi ubwino pakupanga mphamvu zopitirira komanso zokhazikika. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira ina yowotchera kufunikira kumpoto. Komabe, kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha kwamakampani opanga zinthu, mawonekedwe ake aukadaulo ndi azachuma ndi ovuta kufananiza.

Ubwino wa mphamvu ya haidrojeni m'gawo lamayendedwe akutuluka. Ngakhale pali milandu yopambana yofunikira pakuwotchera kwapadera monga kupanga zitsulo m'malo mwa malasha, zachuma pakuwotcha kufunikira kwamakampani opanga zinthu zambiri zimafunikirabe nthawi kuti zitsimikizire.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mitundu yamphamvu yomwe ili pamwambayi ikukwaniritsa bwino zachuma, pali vuto lomwe limakhalapo - zida zomwe zilipo zopangira malasha zikuyang'anizana ndi kutha.

Malingaliro a EU: gwiritsaninso ntchito mphamvu za biomass

Zida za biomass pellet mphero zikuyembekezeka kukhala chida chopanda kaboni.

EU ndi dera loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kudzipereka pa chitukuko cha mpweya wochepa. Yamaliza nsonga yake ya carbon ndipo ikupita ku ndale ya carbon. Zochitika zake ndizoyenera kuphunzira ndi kuphunzira kuchokera.

GDP ya European Union inali 22.54% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala 8%, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umakhala 8.79% panthawi yomweyi. Kuti akwaniritse kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni mumagetsi amagetsi, mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zochokera ku biomass mphamvu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mphamvu zamafuta.

Kutengera momwe mphamvu zonse zimakhalira m'maiko 27 a EU, mphamvu ya biomass imapanga 65% ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa; pakuwona kwakuthandizira pakuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, mphamvu ya biomass ndi 43%, yomwe ili yoyamba.

Chifukwa: Mphamvu ya biomass ndi mphamvu yamankhwala komanso mafuta okhawo omwe angangowonjezedwanso. Ikhoza kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa. Poyang'anizana ndi zofunikira zotenthetsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso nthawi zambiri, mafuta a biomass amatha kukwaniritsidwa mosavuta, ndipo zida za biomass ndizochuluka ndikugawidwa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ndiyopanda ndalama, ndipo imakhala yopikisana kwambiri pakuwotcha kuposa mphamvu zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, Denmark, Sweden, ndi Finland ku Northern Europe apanga mpikisano wamakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango, ndipo akhala gawo la msika wamagetsi. The nambala wani mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.

Mphamvu ya biomass imagwirizana ndi zida zamafuta zomwe zilipo kale. Mwachitsanzo, mayunitsi asanu ndi limodzi a 660MW oyaka malasha a Drax, malo opangira magetsi opangira malasha ku UK, onse amasinthidwa kukhala biomass, kukwaniritsa ziro zotulutsa mpweya ndikupeza phindu lalikulu lochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya; Mphamvu ndi mphamvu yokhayo yomwe ingangowonjezedwanso yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa mphamvu ya zinthu zakale. Sizingangokwaniritsa zofunikira za malo atatu akuluakulu a mphamvu zamagetsi, magetsi, ndi kutentha, komanso kupanga zipangizo zopangira bio kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mafuta opangira mafuta, zomwe sizingatheke ndi zina zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera. .

Thandizo la Multidimensional la kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni

Mwambiri, njira zitatu zakusalowerera ndale m'dziko langa - magetsi a carbon neutralization, matenthedwe a carbon neutralization, ndi carbon neutralization, biomass mphamvu zonse zimatha kugwira ntchito yofunikira.

Pankhani ya kutentha kwa carbon neutralization, kufunikira kwa kutentha kwamakampani opanga dziko langa kumatha kukwaniritsidwa ndi mphamvu ya biomass, ndipo kufunikira kwa kutentha komwe kumagawidwa kumatha kukwaniritsidwa pothandizira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zopangira mafuta.

Inde, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu m'dziko lathu, n'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndi chuma chathu chokha. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa chimango chokhala ndi mafuta osinthika a biomass (makina a biomass pellet ndi makina ena opangira makina) monga pachimake ndi "Belt ndi Road" mgwirizano wamphamvu wongowonjezwdwa ngati cholinga.

Ponena za dziko langa, mafuta ambiri ongowonjezedwanso amalowa m'malo mwa mafuta, omwe amatha kukhalabe ndi mpikisano wamakampani opanga zinthu komanso kuthetsa vuto la zoletsa za carbon. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zidzathandiza maiko ndi zigawo za "Belt ndi Road" kukhazikitsa maziko obiriwira a mphamvu zobiriwira kuti apindule pamodzi ndikupindula. , Kumanga gulu la tsogolo la chitukuko chobiriwira.

Pankhani ya kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon, njira zomwe zilipo pakalipano za mphamvu zoyendera zikuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu ya hydrogen, ndi mafuta a biomass. Ndibwino kuti msika usankhe m'malo mochitapo kanthu mopitirira muyeso. Zida zambiri zoyang'anira ziyenera kuperekedwa pomanga njira yotsimikizira msika, monga kumanga ndi kuyendetsa msika wa carbon. Panthawiyo, padzakhala dongosolo lamphamvu la carbon-neutral lomwe limagwirizana ndi zochitika za dziko kuti ziwonekere.

Biomass pellet mpherozida zikuyembekezeredwa kukhala chida chopanda kaboni.